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Koi breeding is not easy if what you aim for is to produce high-quality fish for competition reasons. Before you can obtain a prize-winning koi fish, you will have to cull and discard several thousand fry. The koi breeding process is long and difficult but it is worth it all.

Picking the Parents

Choose the male and female from the same variety you want to reproduce. If you wish to cross-breed, choose varieties carefully and research more on the sort of offspring you're likely to get. Just remember that the dominant genes are those from the male parent.

Be sure to use only matured fish for breeding applications. The ideal breeding age of the female is from 5 years onwards as their eggs are larger and more fertile. Watch out for breeding females younger than 4 years old as your koi could lose their colors and patterns if bred at a young age. The female koi is ready to spawn if you observe it sucking at the edges of the pond, aiming to clear an area where she can deposit her eggs.

Male koi can start spawning upon reaching the age of two as soon as small white nodules appear on the pectoral fins and gill plates. You can actually feel those areas to be rougher than normal. You can make use of the younger males every two weeks but allow a longer time interval for older males to maximize their fertility potential.

Spawning

Koi will normally spawn in the early summer months. If you allow that to happen, however, the eggs will only be eaten by the other fish while the females get more anxious. The net outcome will be offspring of inferior quality. Besides, a pond filled with eggs will harbor harmful bacteria that will adversely affect the health of your koi population.

If you are serious in koi breeding, you will have to use a controlled method. Put the koi brooders in a separate pond and make sure to hang spawning media from the walls of the pond. The female will have them to deposit her eggs which can be anywhere between 100,000 to 500,000 depending on her weight. You can use ropes, artificial grasses, natural plants, vegetable sacking, as well as cloth strips as spawning materials.

During courtship, the male chases the female and forces her against the walls of the pond to induce spawning. If there are two or even three males in the pond, they will crowd on her to simultaneously fertilize the eggs.

You will know that the Koi have spawned when there is foam on the water surface and the unique scent of ammonia. By then, you will need to move the female to another pond where she can recover her strength. Remove the males too; otherwise, they could feed on the eggs.

Culling

The fry will break out of their eggshells within 5 to 7 days. They will keep on growing and you can begin culling on the sixth week. Remove the baby koi with deformities like lacking fins, deformed mouths, colorless, or single color.

Culling is crucial in koi breeding. You need to reduce the numbers so the good quality fry can reach a decent size by the end of the season. If you don't cull, the undesirable koi will still compete with the good koi for food and space. Culled fry are normally destroyed or fed to the other fish.

You can release your selected young koi in a mud pond that is very rich in natural food. As they grow bigger, you can continue the selection procedure until you get only the perfect koi that you want to keep or sell.

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